Cell Structure, Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport Practice Problems
Questions 1 - 2 refer to the following situation:
6% sugar 2% sugar
Cell A Cell B
Assume that the two cells above have no other dissolved materials in them and that the membrane between the cells is permeable to water, but impermeable to sugar.
1. In which direction will water movement occur between the two cells? Why?
2. What will happen to the percent of sugar in cell B? Why?
3. Assume the two cells below are permeable to both chloride and calcium ions. Explain the results seen in the cells below in terms of diffusion and/or active transport.
4. About twelve to twenty four hours after the last meal, a person's blood sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams (mg) per 100 milliliters (ml) of blood, though it may rise to 130mg/100ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body’s ability to carry out _______________________? Suppose that blood sugar levels do not remain constant, what impact would elevated blood sugar have on the body’s cells, e.g. red blood cells? Explain your prediction in terms of osmosis.
5. A freshwater Protozoa called a Paramecium expels excess water from its body by a cell structure called the contractile vacuole. If this paramecium floated down a river into a salt-water estuary predict what would happen to the level of activity of its contractile vacuole. Explain your prediction in terms of osmosis.
For questions 6 - 8 use the following key to answer the question posed.
KEY: A. HYPERTONIC
B. ISOTONIC
C. HYPOTONIC
6. If the internal salt concentration of Horatio is 3.6% and you place it in a solution of 3.6%, what would you call this solution?
7. You placed marine Critter X in a solution with an unknown solute concentration. In two hours you examine Critter X and notice that all its cells are swelling and bursting. The water concentration of Critter X must have been ? in order for these results to occur.
8. Red blood cells are ____?___ to their environment.
9. What would happen to the cells of a sea star if you placed it in a hypotonic medium? Explain why.
10. What would happen to the cells of a plant if you placed it in a hypotonic medium? Explain why.
Multiple Guess Questions
11. Which process would include a net movement
of sugar molecules through a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a
region of higher concentration? (a) osmosis
(b) diffusion (c) active transport
(d) passive transport (e) facilitated diffusion
12. In the human body, the potassium ion can pass easily
through cell membranes, yet the potassium ion concentration is higher inside
many cells than it is outside these
cells. This condition is mainly a result of the process of
(a) passive transport
(b) active transport (c) osmosis
(d) phagocytosis (e) facilitated diffusion
13. Chemical analysis indicates that the cell membrane is composed mainly of
(a) proteins and
starch (b) proteins and cellulose
(c) lipids and starch (d) lipids and proteins
14. The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a
concentration gradient is known as
(a) passive transport (b) active
transport (c) osmosis
(d) pinocytosis
15. When a cell uses energy to move materials across a cell membrane, the
process is known as
(a)
osmosis (b) active transport (c)
diffusion (d) passive transport (e)
facilitated diffusion
16. The diffusion of water molecules into and out of cells is called
(a) diffusion (b) pinocytosis
(c) osmosis (d) active transport (e)
facilitated diffusion
17. The net movement of molecules into cells is most dependent upon the
(a) selectivity of the plasma
membrane
b) selectivity of the cell wall
(c) number of nucleoli
(d) the genetic make up of the cell
18. A red blood cell placed in distilled water will swell and burst due to the
diffusion of
(a) salt from the red blood cell into
the water
(b) water into the red blood cell
(c) water from the blood cell into
its environment
(d) salts from the water into the red
blood cell
(e) facilitated
diffusion
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Refer to the figure, below, to answer the following two questions. The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 molar glucose and 0.5 molar sodium chloride (NaCl) and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 molar glucose and 0.4 molar sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.
28. At the beginning of the experiment, a.) side A is hypertonic to side B. b.) side A is hypotonic to side B. c.) side A is isotonic to side B. d.) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose. e.) side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to NaCl.
29. If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find a.) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level. b.) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose. c.) no net change in the system. d.) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level. e.) no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.
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