Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Problems

Biology 211

 

Click here for excellent Cellular Respiration Questions with a Tutorial (Biology Project at the University of Arizona)

 

Use the following Key to answer questions 1 - 10

 

                KEY:       A.    Increase PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

                                B.    Decrease PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

                                C.    No effect on PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

                                D.    Will both increase and decrease PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

  1. Grow a plant in red light (as compared to white light of the same intensity).

  2. Place a rose bush next to well-traveled gravel (i.e. dusty) road.   (hint: think dust, stomata and light)

  3. Give a plant more C02 during the day.  (Hint: think RUBISCO)

  4.  Decrease the amount of water given a plant during the day.  (Hint: think stomata and RUBISCO)

  5. Place a C3 plant in a hot and dry environment.   (Hint: think stomata and RUBISCO)

  6. Selectively inhibit the functioning of Beta-carotene and xanthophyll in a plant’s leaves.

  7. Increase the concentration of RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) in a plant’s leaves.

  8. Raise the pH inside the grana of a plant’s chloroplasts.......(Hint:  Think chemiosmotic theory)

  9. Increase the concentration of oxygen in the leaves of a C3 plant.  (Hint:  RUBISCO)

  10.  Selectively inhibit the action cyclic photophosphorylation.

  11. Selectively inhibit noncyclic photophosphorylation

 

Use the following Key to answer questions 12 - 19

 

KEY:       A.    True only for PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

                B.    True only for CELLULAR RESPIRATION

                C.    True for BOTH CELLULAR RESPIRATION and PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

                D.    True for NEITHER CELLULAR RESPIRATION nor PHOTOSYNTHESIS (False for both).

  1. This process produces CO2.

  2. This process will occur in the presence of light.

  3.  This process requires enzymes.

  4. This process uses oxygen.

  5. This process occurs in all living cells.

  6. This process will not occur in the presence of light.

  7. This process reduces NADP+.

  8. The chemiosmotic theory of ATP production is thought to occur during this process.            

Use the following Key to answer questions 20 - 24

 

KEY:       A.   True only for C3 PLANTS.

                B.    True only for C4 PLANTS.

                C.    True only for CAM PLANTS.

                D.    True only for CAM AND C4 PLANTS.

                E.     True for C3, C4, AND CAM PLANTS.

  1. Stomata open at night to allow CO2 to enter, but close during the day.

  2. Utilizes the Calvin Cycle.

  3. Utilizes PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2.       

  4. RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) is used in these plants.

  5. Well adapted to a cool and moist environment.

Multiple Guess Questions

        25. By which process are C02 and H20 converted to carbohydrates?

                    (a) transpiration       (b) respiration     (c) fermentation     (d) photosynthesis

26. Glucose molecules may be stored in plants in the form of

                    (a) oxygen     (b) starch     (c) nucleic acids     (d) amino acids

26. Knowing that red glass transmits mainly red light, green glass mainly green light, yellow glass mainly yellow light, and orange glass mainly orange light, a student set up an experiment to determine the effect of light color on glucose production. She selected jars of each of the above colors and grew a bean plant in each jar under controlled conditions in the presence of natural light. The greatest amount of glucose would most likely be produced by the bean plant growing in the jar whose color was
    (a) red     (b) yellow     (c) green     (d) orange

27. The basic raw materials for photosynthesis are
        (a) water and carbon dioxide      (b) oxygen and water      (c)  sugar and carbon dioxide     (d) water and oxygen

28. In autotrophic plants, stored starch may be converted into small organic molecules by the process of

                    (a) transpiration     (b) aerobic respiration     (c) intracellular digestion     (d) extracellular digestion

29. Which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis?
        (a) carbon dioxide + water
à  glucose + oxygen + water
        (b) glucose
à alcohol + carbon dioxide
        (c) maltose + water  
à glucose + glucose
        (d) glucose + oxygen
à carbon dioxide + water

30. Autotrophic activity in green plant cells is most closely associated with organelles called

                    (a) mitochondria     (b) ribosomes     (c) vacuoles     (d) chloroplasts

31. Bromthymol blue turns to bromthymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed in separate test tubes, each containing water and bromthymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed to the light turned blue, while the liquid in the tube in the dark turned yellow. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants
    (a) take in carbon dioxide     (b) need bromthymol blue     (c) give off oxygen gas     (d) form ATP molecules   (e) give off carbon dioxide

32. A functional difference between animals and green plants is that green plants are able to
    (a) synthesize glucose from inorganic compounds     (b) break down carbohydrates     (c) carry on aerobic respiration    (d) form ATP molecules

33. Which compound is formed in the process of photosynthesis?     (a) DNA     (b) G-3-P      (c) CO   (d) NADH

34. Which form of energy is absorbed by green plants during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis?

                    (a) heat energy     (b) light energy     (c) nuclear energy     (d) chemical energy

35. The oxygen present in the water molecule in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis  is
        (a) released as molecular oxygen          (b) released as chemical energy         (c) incorporated into G-3-P              (d) incorporated into glucose

36. The light independent stage of photosynthesis  involves (a) oxidation   (b) hydrolysis    (c) carbon fixation     (d) aerobic respiration  (e) O2 production

37. A three-carbon sugar formed during the light independent stage (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis is   (a) carbon dioxide   (b) glucose   (c) ATP    (d) G-3-P 

38. The reactions in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis occur in the 

                     (a) thylaloid membrane    (b) stroma     (c) Golgi apparatus     (d) cytoplasm     (e) Intermembrane space

39. Which statement correctly describes part of the photosynthetic process in plants?
        (a) Oxygen is used in the dark reactions.         (b) Carbon dioxide is released in the dark reactions.

                    (c) Water is split in the light reactions.             (d) Alcohol is produced by the light reactions.

 

            40. Which compounds are produced in human muscle cells as a result of the oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen?

                    (a) carbon dioxide and water     (b) ethanol and carbon dioxide     (c) ethanol and ATP     (d) lactic acid and ATP   (e) carbon dioxide, lactic acid and ATP

41. Most animals make energy available for cell activity by transferring the potential energy of glucose to ATP. This process occurs during

                    (a) aerobic respiration, only     (b) anaerobic respiration, only         (c) both aerobic and anaerobic respiration     (d) neither aerobic nor anaerobic respiration

42. Which of the following processes releases the greatest amount of energy?
        (a) the oxidation of one glucose molecule to lactic acid molecules
        (b) the oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and water molecules
        (c) the conversion of two glucose molecules to a maltose molecule
        (d) the conversion of one glucose molecule to alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules

43. Alcohol fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both processes

                       (a) utilize light         (b) produce ethyl alcohol         (c) require free oxygen         (d) release carbon dioxide

44. Respiratory enzymes are present in
        (a) animal cells, but not plant cells
        (b) plant cells, but not animal cells
        (c) neither animal nor plant cells
        (d) both animal and plant cells

45. In animal cells, the energy to convert ADP to ATP comes directly from

                  (a) hormones     (b) sunlight      (c) organic molecules         (d) inorganic molecules   (e) diffusion of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase

46. Vigorous activity of human voluntary muscle tissues may result in the production of lactic acid. Insufficient amount of which gas would result in the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells?         (a) carbon dioxide         (b) nitrogen         (c) oxygen         (d) hydrogen       (e) water vapor

47. The organelles in which most of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration take place are

                            (a) ribosomes     (b) chloroplasts     (c) lysosomes     (d) mitochondria

48. Anaerobic respiration of glucose is a less efficient energy-releasing system than aerobic respiration of glucose. One of the reasons for this is that in anaerobic respiration
    (a) lactic acid contains much unreleased potential energy
    (b) water contains much released potential energy
    (c) oxygen serves as the final hydrogen acceptor
    (d) chlorophyll is hydrolyzed into G-3-P molecules

 

            49. Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent) cycle?
            (a) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH.
            (b) They both require a net input of ATP.
            (c) They both result in a release of oxygen.
            (d) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix.
            (e) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.

  1. The products of light dependent stage of photosynthesis are:

    a)    ATP , NADH , and water

    b)    Glucose and oxygen

    c)    ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

    d)    CO2 and  H2O

     

  2. Light independent stage occurs in the ____________, while light dependent reaction occurs in the  _________________.

    a)    thylakoid membrane; stroma

    b)    stroma; thylakoid membrane

    c)    Grana, stomata

    d)    Chloroplast; mitochondria

    e)   Thylakoid; chlorophyll

     

  3. The lost electrons of the photosystem II are replaced  by____________________.

    a)   electrons from the photosystem I.

    b)    splitting oxygen.

    c)    Electrons can’t be replaced.

    d)    by photolysis (splitting) of water.

    e)   None of the above.

     

  4. The enzyme responsible to add carbon dioxide into ribulose biphosphate is called_________.

    a)   RuBP

    b)    G-3-P 

    c)   Rubisco

    d)    NADPH

     

  5. Energy required to run the Calvin cycle is produced in__________.

    a)    light dependent stage

    b)    light independent stage

    c)    photosytem I

    d)    Krebs cycle

     

  6. Glycolysis occurs in the _______, while Krebs cycle occurs in the __________.

    a)    Mitochondria; matrix of mitochondria

    b)    Cytoplasm; mitochondrial matrix

    c)    Ribosome; cytosol

    d)    Mitochondria; chloroplast

     

  7. In the absence of oxygen, ____________ will not occur.  (If more than one response is correct, then select all correct responses!)

    a)    Krebs cycle

    b)    Electron transport chain

    c)     Calvin cycle

    d)    Aerobic respiration

    e)     Light dependent stage of photosynthesis

     

  8.  Which of the following occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?
    a.    light dependent reaction
    b.    electron transport chain
    c.    Calvin cycle
    d.    photolysis

  9. The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from what molecule?
    a.    glucose
    b.    water
    c.    photosystem II
    d.    ATP

                e.    CO2

  10.  The photosynthetic process used by some plants to survive in a hot dry climate, like the desert?
    a.    C4 Photosynthesis
    b.    C3 Photosynthesis
    c.    Noncyclic photophosphorylation
    d.    Carbon fixation

  11. Which of the following is NOT a produce of the light dependent reaction?
    a.    Oxygen
    b.    ATP
    c.    NADPH
    d.    Sugar

  12. Which of the following is the source of the carbon in sugar produced during photosynthesis?
    a.    carbon dioxide
    b.    water
    c.    rubisco
    d.    ATP

  13. Which of the following is the main difference between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation?
    a.    they use different electron acceptors
    b.    Only photosystem I is used during the cyclic process
    c.    noncyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the stroma
    d.    noncyclic photophosphorylation does not produce ATP

  14.  Carbon fixation is catalyzed by what enzyme?
    a.    P700
    b.    NADPH
    c.    3-phosphoglycerate (3GP)
    d.    rubisco

  15. The Calvin cycle requires each of the following inputs EXCEPT:
    a.    ATP
    b.    NADPH
    c.    O2
    d.    CO2

                 e.    H2O

  16. In the light dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments (P700 or P680) what is the immediate result?
    a.    excited electrons are passed to electron acceptors
    b.    electrons are fused to form ATP
    c.    glucose is produced
    d.    carbon fixation occurs

                 e.    extreme euphoria

  17. In the Calvin cycle, more ATP than NADPH is used, how is this difference made up?
    a.    the cyclic pathway (i.e. cyclic photophosphorylation) creates more ATP
    b.    the Calvin cycle occurs half as often as the light dependent reaction
    c.    additional ATP is created from glucose
    d.    excess NADPH is reused in the light reaction

                 e.    Noncyclic photophosphorylation creates more ATP

  18. Which of the following occurs in both photosynthesis and respiration?
    a.    chemiosmosis
    b.    glycolysis
    c.    Calvin cycle
    d.    Krebs cycle

                 e.   reduction of NAD+ to NADH

  19. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
    a.    glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen
    b.    glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria
    c.    glycolysis is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
    d.    glycolysis produces  ATP, NADH, and pyruvate

  20. This process uses NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
    a.    oxidative phosphorylation
    b.    fermentation
    c.    glycolysis
    d.    Krebs cycle

                 e.    Seattle Mariner baseball

  21. This process begins with the production of Acetyl-CoA:
    a.    chemiosmosis
    b.    glycolysis
    c.    fermentation
    d.    Krebs cycle

  22. Cramps during exercise may be caused by:
    a.    alcohol fermentation
    b.    glycolysis inhibition
    c.    lactic acid fermentation
    d.    chemiosmosis

  23.  Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are collectively known as: 
    a.    cellular respiration
    b.    glycolysis
    c.    fermentation
    d.    oxidative phosphorylation

                e.     Calvin cycle

  24. The final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation is:
    a.    oxygen
    b.    water
    c.    carbon dioxide
    d.    ATP

                 e.    NAD+

  25. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?
    a.    glycolysis
    b.    oxidative phosphorylation
    c.    fermentation
    d.    Krebs cycle

                 e.    Calvin cycle

  26. Which of the following is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?
    a.    ATP
    b.    oxygen
    c.    carbon dioxide
    d.    lactic acid

                 e.    money

  27. Which of the following is the products of the Krebs cycle?
    a.    ATP
    b.    NADH
    c.    FADH2
    d.    all of these

Photosynthesis Free Response Review Questions

  1. Contrast the inputs and outputs of the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.
  2. Distinguish between the absorption and action spectra of photosynthesis.
  3. Describe the role of the antenna complex (i.e. accessory pigments) and the reaction center in the harvesting of light energy for photosynthesis.
  4. How do the functions of PS I and PS II differ?
  5. Contrast the cyclic and non-cyclic flows of electrons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. What does each of these types of electron flows accomplish?
  6. Compare the mechanism of ATP formation during photosynthesis to the process of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
  7. Where does the Calvin cycle occur? What does this cycle accomplish?
  8. Describe the relationship of rubisco, RuBP, CO2, and O2 in the Calvin cycle and in photorespiration.
  9. What is photorespiration? How does C4 photosynthesis help deal with this problem?
  10. How does CAM photosynthesis work? For what environmental challenge is this photosynthetic pathway an adaptation?

Cellular Respiration Free Response Review Questions

  1. What is the primary function of cellular respiration and fermentation?
  2. Contrast oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation.
  3. Under what conditions does fermentation occur? How are the products of alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation different from those of aerobic respiration?
  4. What is the input into glycolysis? What are the outputs of this process that are important for the process of respiration?
  5. What are the inputs into the process of pyruvate oxidation and conversion to acetyl-CoA ? What are the outputs of this process that are important for the process of respiration? (i.e. What are the inputs and outputs of "Krebs Prep?"
  6. What are the inputs into the Krebs cycle? What are the outputs of this process that are important for the process of respiration?
  7. Explain how ATP, ADP and AMP and other molecules regulate the activity of glycolysis. What role does PFK (phosphofructokinase) play?
  8. What are the inputs into the process of electron transport? What are the outputs of this process that are important for the process of respiration?
  9. What are the inputs into the process of chemiosmosis? What are the outputs of this process that are important for the process of respiration?
  10. How does anaerobic respiration (i.e. glycolysis) differ from both fermentation and aerobic respiration?
  11. Why do lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation help sustain ATP production via glycolysis?
  12. How are proteins and fats used for energy when needed?