Israel Science and Technology

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No.
 
Atomic
Weight
Name Symbol M.P.
( °C )
 B.P.
 ( °C )
Density*
(g/cm3)
Earth crust
 ( % )*
Discovery
(Year)
Group* Electron
configuration
1st Ionization
energy (eV)
24.0026 HeliumHe-272 -2690.18 1895181s2 24.5874
10 20.1797Neon Ne-249-246 0.91898 18[He] 2s2 2p6 21.5645
9 18.9984FluorineF -220-1881.7 0.029188617 [He] 2s2 2p517.4228
1839.948 ArgonAr-189 -1861.78 189418[Ne] 3s2 3p6 15.7596
7 14.0067NitrogenN -210-1961.25 177215 [He] 2s2 2p314.5341
3683.8 KryptonKr-157 -1533.75 189818[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 13.9996
8 15.9994OxygenO -218-1831.43 46.71177416 [He] 2s2 2p413.6181
11.0079 HydrogenH-259 -2530.090.14 177611s1 13.5984
17 35.453ChlorineCl -101-353.21 0.045177417 [Ne] 3s2 3p512.9676
54131.293 XenonXe-112 -1085.9 189818[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 12.1298
35 79.904BromineBr -7593.12 182617 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 11.8138
6 12.0107Carbon C35004827 2.260.094 ancient 14[He] 2s2 2p2 11.2603
86* 222RadonRn -71-629.73 190018 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 10.7485
15 30.9738Phosphorus P44280 1.820.131669 15[Ne] 3s2 3p3 10.4867
53 126.9045IodineI 1141844.93 181117 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 10.4513
80 200.59Mercury Hg-39357 13.55 ancient 12[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 10.4375
16 32.065SulfurS 1134452.07 0.052 ancient16 [Ne] 3s2 3p410.36
3374.9216 ArsenicAs81 6135.72 ancient15[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 9.7886
34 78.96SeleniumSe 2176854.79 181716 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 9.7524
30 65.39Zinc Zn420907 7.13 ancient 12[Ar] 3d10 4s2 9.3942
4 9.0122BerylliumBe 127829701.85 17972 [He] 2s29.3227
85*210 AstatineAt302 3371940 17[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 9.3
79 196.9665GoldAu 1064280719.32 ancient11 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 9.2255
52 127.6Tellurium Te449990 6.241783 16[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 9.0096
48 112.411CadmiumCd 3217658.65 181712 [Kr] 4d10 5s28.9938
77192.217 IridiumIr2410 452722.4 18039[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 8.967
78 195.078PlatinumPt 1772382721.45 173510 [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 8.9587
51 121.76Antimony Sb6301750 6.68 ancient 15[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 8.6084
76 190.23OsmiumOs 3045502722.6 18038 [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 8.4382
84 *209Polonium Po254962 9.31898 16[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 8.417
46 106.42PalladiumPd 1552292712.02 180310 [Kr] 4d108.3369
510.811 BoronB2300 25502.34 180813[He] 2s2 2p1 8.298
14 28.0855SiliconSi 141023552.33 27.69182414 [Ne] 3s2 3p28.1517
2655.845 IronFe1535 27507.875.05 ancient8[Ar] 3d6 4s2 7.9024
32 72.64GermaniumGe 93728305.32 188614 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 7.8994
27 58.9332Cobalt Co14952870 8.91735 9[Ar] 3d7 4s2 7.881
74 183.84TungstenW 3410566019.35 17836 [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 7.864
75 186.207Rhenium Re31805627 21.041925 7[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 7.8335
29 63.546CopperCu 108325678.96 ancient11 [Ar] 3d10 4s17.7264
1224.305 MagnesiumMg639 10901.742.08 17552[Ne] 3s2 7.6462
28 58.6934NickelNi 145327328.9 0.019175110 [Ar] 3d8 4s27.6398
47107.8682 SilverAg962 221210.5 ancient11[Kr] 4d10 5s1 7.5762
73 180.9479TantalumTa 2996542516.65 18025 [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 7.5496
45 102.9055Rhodium Rh19663727 12.411803 9[Kr] 4d8 5s1 7.4589
25 54.938ManganeseMn 124519627.43 0.0917747 [Ar] 3d5 4s27.434
82207.2 LeadPb327 174011.35 ancient14[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 7.4167
44 101.07RutheniumRu 2250390012.37 18448 [Kr] 4d7 5s17.3605
50118.71 TinSn232 22707.31 ancient14[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 7.3439
83 208.9804BismuthBi 27115609.75 ancient15 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 7.2856
43 *98Technetium Tc22004877 11.51937 7[Kr] 4d5 5s2 7.28
42 95.94MolybdenumMo 2617461210.22 17816 [Kr] 4d5 5s17.0924
2247.867 TitaniumTi1660 32874.540.62 17914[Ar] 3d2 4s2 6.8281
72 178.49HafniumHf 2150540013.31 19234 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 6.8251
24 51.9961Chromium Cr18572672 7.190.0351797 6[Ar] 3d5 4s1 6.7665
41 92.9064NiobiumNb 246849278.57 18015 [Kr] 4d4 5s16.7589
2350.9415 VanadiumV1890 33806.11 18305[Ar] 3d3 4s2 6.7462
102* 259NobeliumNo 827 1958102 6.65
40 91.224Zirconium Zr18524377 6.510.0251789 4[Kr] 4d2 5s2 6.6339
101* 258MendeleviumMd 1955102 6.58
21 44.9559Scandium Sc15392832 2.991879 3[Ar] 3d1 4s2 6.5615
100* 257FermiumFm 1527 1952102 6.5
99*252 EinsteiniumEs860 1952 1026.42
90232.0381 ThoriumTh1750 479011.72 1829102[Rn] 6d2 7s2 6.3067
98 *251Californium Cf900 15.11950 1026.2817
93*237 NeptuniumNp640 390220.2 1940102[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 6.2657
70 173.04Ytterbium Yb8241466 6.91878 101[Xe] 4f14 6s2 6.2542
39 88.9059YttriumY 152333374.47 17943 [Kr] 4d1 5s26.2173
97*247 BerkeliumBk986 14.78 1949102 6.1979
92 238.0289UraniumU 1132381818.95 1789102 [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 6.1941
69 168.9342Thulium Tm15451727 9.321879 101[Xe] 4f13 6s2 6.1843
64 157.25GadoliniumGd 131132337.9 1880101 [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 6.1501
20 40.078Calcium Ca8391484 1.553.651808 2[Ar] 4s26.1132
81204.3833 ThalliumTl303 145711.85 186113[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 6.1082
68 167.259Erbium Er15222510 9.071842 101[Xe] 4f12 6s2 6.1077
94* 244PlutoniumPu 640323519.84 1940102 [Rn] 5f6 7s26.0262
67164.9303 HolmiumHo1470 27208.8 1867101[Xe] 4f11 6s2 6.0215
31 69.723GalliumGa 3024035.91 187513 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 5.9993
96 *247Curium Cm1340 13.51944 1025.9915
1326.9815 AluminumAl660 24672.78.07 182513[Ne] 3s2 3p1 5.9858
95 *243Americium Am9942607 13.671944 102[Rn] 5f7 7s2 5.9738
66 162.5DysprosiumDy 141225628.55 1886101 [Xe] 4f10 6s25.9389
91231.0359 ProtactiniumPa1568 15.4 1913102[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 5.89
65 158.9253TerbiumTb 136030418.23 1843101 [Xe] 4f9 6s25.8638
49114.818 IndiumIn157 20007.31 186313[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 5.7864
38 87.62StrontiumSr 76913842.54 17902 [Kr] 5s25.6949
63151.964 EuropiumEu822 15975.24 1901101[Xe] 4f7 6s2 5.6704
62 150.36SamariumSm 107219007.52 1879101 [Xe] 4f6 6s25.6437
61*145 PromethiumPm1100 30007.3 1945101[Xe] 4f5 6s2 5.582
57 138.9055LanthanumLa 92034696.15 18393 [Xe] 5d1 6s25.5769
58140.116 CeriumCe795 32576.77 1803101[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 5.5387
60 144.24NeodymiumNd 101031277.01 1885101 [Xe] 4f4 6s25.525
59140.9077 PraseodymiumPr935 31276.77 1885101[Xe] 4f3 6s2 5.473
71 174.967LutetiumLu 165633159.84 1907101 [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 5.4259
3 6.941Lithium Li1801347 0.531817 1[He] 2s15.3917
88*226 RadiumRa700 17375.5 18982[Rn] 7s2 5.2784
56 137.327Barium Ba7251140 3.590.051808 2[Xe] 6s25.2117
89*227 ActiniumAc1050 320010.07 18993[Rn] 6d1 7s2 5.17
11 22.9897Sodium Na98883 0.972.751807 1[Ne] 3s15.1391
103*262 LawrenciumLr1627 1961 1024.9
1939.0983 PotassiumK64 7740.862.58 18071[Ar] 4s1 4.3407
37 85.4678RubidiumRb 396881.63 18611 [Kr] 5s14.1771
87*223 FranciumFr27 6771939 1[Rn] 7s14.0727
55132.9055 CesiumCs29 6781.87 18601[Xe] 6s1 3.8939
104 *261Rutherfordium Rf 19644
105 *262Dubnium Db 19675
106*266 SeaborgiumSg 1974 6
107*264 BohriumBh 1981 7
108*277 HassiumHs 1984 8
109*268 MeitneriumMt 1982 9

Abbreviations and Definitions:
No. - Atomic Number
M.P. - melting point
B.P. - boiling point
* Density of elements with boiling points below 0°C is given in g/l
* Earth crust composition average values are from a report by F. W. Clarke and H. S. Washington, 1924. Elemental composition of crustal rocks differ between different localities (see article).
* Group: There are only 18 groups in the periodic table that constitute the columns of the table. Lanthanoids and Actinoids are numbered as 101 and 102 to separate them in sorting by group.

Atomic number: The number of protons in an atom. Each element is uniquely defined by its atomic number.

Atomic mass: The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Atomic mass is measured in Atomic Mass Units (amu) which are scaled relative to carbon, 12C, that is taken as a standard element with an atomic mass of 12. This isotope of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Thus, each proton and neutron has a mass of about 1 amu.

Isotope: Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but different number of neutrons. Isotope of an element is defined by the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Elements have more than one isotope with varying numbers of neutrons. For example, there are two common isotopes of carbon, 12C and 13C which have 6 and 7 neutrons respectively. The abundances of different isotopes of elements vary in nature depending on the source of materials. For relative abundances of isotopes in nature see reference on Isotopic Composition of the Elements.

Atomic weight: Atomic weight values represent weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. The values shown here are based on the IUPAC Commission determinations (Pure Appl. Chem. 73:667-683, 2001). The elements marked with an asterisk have no stable nuclides. For these elements the weight value shown represents the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element.

Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons according to the energy sublevels (subshells) in uncharged atoms. The noble gas shown in square brackets (e.g. [He]), marks that all the subshells associated with that element are fully occupied by electrons. For further information see another web site.

Energy levels and sublevels
Principal energy level
(Quantum number: n)
Sublevels available
(Quantum number: l)
1
2
3
4
5
6
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 5g
6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h

Ionization energy (IE): The energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or a positive ion in its ground level. The table lists only the first IE in eV units. To convert to kJ/mol multiply by 96.4869. Reference: NIST Reference Table on Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms. IE decreases going down a column of the periodic table, and increases from left to right in a row. Thus, alkali metals have the lowest IE in a period and Rare gases have the highest.

Other resources related to the Periodic Table